Skagit Valley Chorale (SVC) covid19 case
Skagit Valley Chorale is located in Mount Vernon, Washington
CDC calls COVID-19 spread through Washington choir a ‘superspreader event’
Droplets and Aerosols Generated by Singing and the Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 for Choirs
Skagit Valley Chorale AEROSOL INFECTION RISK
How a superspreader at choir practice sickened 52 people with COVID-19
www.livescience.com
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event
Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event
Constant values were assumed for rehearsal duration (2.5 h), indoor volume (810 m3) and volumetric breathing rate (1.0 m3/h)
MODELING AEROSOL INFECTION RISK
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?field1=Keyword&text1=aerosol%20transmission
μm nm
Insights into laser safety considerations during COVID 19 pandemic
"Standard surgical masks can filter particulate matter greater than 5 μm in size and hence do not provide any protection against electrosurgical and laser plume. The aerosol particle sizes of COVID‐19 range from 30 to 150 nm and using an FFP3 respirator offers a filtration rate of 99% and an N95 offer a filtration of 95% for all particles measuring up to 0.6 μm"
Čím menší je velikost částic, tím hlouběji pronikají do respiračního ústrojí. Částice větší než 10 μm sedimentují na povrch řasinkového epitelu, obalují se hlenem a pohybem řasinek jsou posunovány do oblasti hrtanu, kde se na jejich odstranění uplatňují kýchací a kašlací reflexy.
Částice menších rozměrů jsou obvykle vdechnuty až do plicních oblastí průdušinek a alveolů, a ultrajemné části-ce mohou dokonce penetrovat až do oblasti výměny plynů a do krevního oběhu a mohou se ukládat v různých orgánech, včetně tkáně mozku (3)
https://hygiena.szu.cz/pdfs/hyg/2016/01/05.pdf
Ultrafine particles: unique physicochemical properties relevant to health and disease
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are aerosols with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.1 µm (100 nm) or less.
UFP 0.1 µm
FP 2,5 µm
Coarse 10 µm
Major sources of indoor UFPs
Characterization of Fine Particle Emissions from Burning Church Candles
Effects of short-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution on cognitive performance
"Firstly, subjects completed a series of cognitive tests after being
exposed to low ambient indoor PM concentrations and elevated PM
concentrations generated via candle burning, which is a well-known
source of PM (particulate matter)"
Výsledky testu MMSE ukázaly statisticky silný pokles kognitivních funkcí
Kognitivní pokles také úzce souvisí s horším duševním zdravím
Spektroskopie tabákového kouře
http://www.3nastroje.cz/data/dokument/soubor/ccf_2-11_D.pdf
https://hygiena.szu.cz/pdfs/hyg/2016/01/05.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/spectral-emission
Combustion Characteristics of Candles Made from Hydrogenated Soybean Oil
formaldehyde
Chemical composition and mass emission factors of candle smoke particles
Chemistry of the Christmas Candle — Part 1
Chemistry of the Christmas Candle — Part 2
Chemistry of the Christmas Candle — Part 3
Covid19
FP
UFP
candle
human health risk
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