Singing and the Risk of Coronavirus Disease

 

Skagit Valley Chorale (SVC) covid19 case

Skagit Valley Chorale is located in Mount Vernon, Washington

High SARS-CoV-2 Attack Rate Following Exposure at a Choir Practice — Skagit County, Washington, March 2020

CDC calls COVID-19 spread through Washington choir a ‘superspreader event’

Droplets and Aerosols Generated by Singing and the Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 for Choirs
Skagit Valley Chorale AEROSOL INFECTION RISK     

How a superspreader at choir practice sickened 52 people with COVID-19
www.livescience.com

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event

Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 by inhalation of respiratory aerosol in the Skagit Valley Chorale superspreading event
 
Constant values were assumed for rehearsal duration (2.5 h), indoor volume (810 m³) and volumetric breathing rate (1.0 m³/h)

MODELING AEROSOL INFECTION RISK

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/action/doSearch?field1=Keyword&text1=aerosol%20transmission

 μm nm

 

Absence of Apparent Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from Two Stylists After Exposure at a Hair Salon with a Universal Face Covering Policy — Springfield, Missouri, May 2020

 

Insights into laser safety considerations during COVID 19 pandemic

"Standard surgical masks can filter particulate matter greater than 5 μm in size and hence do not provide any protection against electrosurgical and laser plume. The aerosol particle sizes of COVID‐19 range from 30 to 150 nm and using an FFP3 respirator offers a filtration rate of 99% and an N95 offer a filtration of 95% for all particles measuring up to 0.6 μm"

 

 

Čím menší je velikost částic, tím hlouběji pronikají do respiračního ústrojí. Částice větší než 10 μm sedimentují na povrch řasinkového epitelu, obalují se hlenem a pohybem řasinek jsou posunovány do oblasti hrtanu, kde se na jejich odstranění uplatňují kýchací a kašlací reflexy.
Částice menších rozměrů jsou obvykle vdechnuty až do plicních oblastí průdušinek a alveolů, a ultrajemné části-ce mohou dokonce penetrovat až do oblasti výměny plynů a do krevního oběhu a mohou se ukládat v různých orgánech, včetně tkáně mozku (3)

https://hygiena.szu.cz/pdfs/hyg/2016/01/05.pdf

 

 

 

Ultrafine particles: unique physicochemical properties relevant to health and disease

Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are aerosols with an aerodynamic diameter of 0.1 µm (100 nm) or less.
UFP 0.1 µm
FP 2,5 µm
Coarse 10 µm

Major sources of indoor UFPs

 

Characterization of Fine Particle Emissions from Burning Church Candles

 

Characterization of indoor sources of fine and ultrafine particles: A study conducted in a full-scale chamber

 

Effects of short-term exposure to particulate matter air pollution on cognitive performance

"Firstly, subjects completed a series of cognitive tests after being exposed to low ambient indoor PM concentrations and elevated PM concentrations generated via candle burning, which is a well-known source of PM (particulate matter)"

Výsledky testu MMSE ukázaly statisticky silný pokles kognitivních funkcí
Kognitivní pokles také úzce souvisí s horším duševním zdravím

Respiratory effects of fine and ultrafine particles from indoor sources--a randomized sham-controlled exposure study of healthy volunteers 

 

Spektroskopie tabákového kouře

http://www.3nastroje.cz/data/dokument/soubor/ccf_2-11_D.pdf

https://hygiena.szu.cz/pdfs/hyg/2016/01/05.pdf

 

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/spectral-emission

 

Combustion Characteristics of Candles  Made from Hydrogenated Soybean Oil

formaldehyde

 

 

 

 

Chemical composition and mass emission factors of candle smoke particles

Chemistry of the Christmas Candle — Part 1

Chemistry of the Christmas Candle — Part 2

Chemistry of the Christmas Candle — Part 3

Covid19

FP

UFP

candle 

human health risk