Jak opravdu funguje protahování?

ChatGPT shrnutí videa z YouTube s názvem "Jak opravdu funguje protahování":


1. Protahování je proces, kterým se prodlužují svaly a zlepšuje se jejich pohyblivost.
2. Svaly se skládají z vláken, které se při protahování roztahují a uvolňují napětí.
3. Pravidelné protahování může snížit bolest v oblasti svalů a kloubů.
4. Protahování by mělo být prováděno po tréninku, kdy jsou svaly již rozehřáté.
5. Existuje několik druhů protahování, včetně statického, dynamického a aktivního protahování.
6. Statické protahování zahrnuje držení svalů v jedné poloze po určitou dobu.
7. Dynamické protahování zahrnuje pohyb a uvolňování svalů v různých pozicích.
8. Aktivní protahování zahrnuje použití opačného svalu pro protahování.
9. Protahování by mělo být prováděno opatrně a postupně, aby se předešlo zranění.
10. Zahrnutí protahování do cvičebního plánu může vést k lepším výkonům a celkovému zlepšení pohyblivosti.




The video discusses the benefits of stretching and how it works.
It explains that the brain and nervous system play a significant role in improving flexibility and range of motion. The video uses an example of a typical hamstring stretch to illustrate the concept of stretching and improving flexibility.
The muscles, tendons, and connective tissues play a role in stretching, but the brain and nervous system are the key factors in determining the stopping point when stretching. The video also briefly talks about a sponsor, Yoga Body Teachers College, which offers science-based online certification programs for yoga teachers, breathing coaches, and stretching coaches.  



How Stretching REALLY Works - Institute of Human Anatomy



 

Summarize the following.

Title: "How Stretching REALLY Works - YouTube"

Transcript:
"many of us have probably thought about including stretching into our daily routines as there are many potential benefits to stretching one of the more obvious and common benefits being improved flexibility and range of motion but what is actually happening to our bodies when we stretch and develop adaptations like improved flexibility well part of this answer might actually surprise you as a big part of this resides in your brain and nervous system who would have thought that your brain and nervous system had an influence or any say over your stretching and flexibility so in today's video we're going to take a look at the brain certain nerves as well as typical muscles that we stretch so that we can figure out what's going on here we'll also talk about some of the most effective types of stretching for these adaptations or the best ways to improve flexibility over time it's going to be a stretchy one if you will filled with some obvious cheesy jokes but let's jump right into this anatomical awesomeness [Music] so when we think about our own flexibility or how flexible we are we often judge or gauge that by how far we can move a joint through its range of motion or that point in the joint range of motion where we're like that's far enough so let's kind of set the stage with an example here specifically a stretching example with the typical hamstring stretch of bending over and touching your toes and we'll also use some of these plastic bones to help us with this example this is called the oscoxa it forms part of your pelvis and then you can see the femur plugging in there now when I stretch or Bend forward to stretch my hamstrings I'm going to actually hinge forward at the hip joint this is technically called flexion of the hip if I bring this a little bit closer you can definitely see what that hinging motion looks like now this area that I'm tapping with my thumb is significant because this is where the hamstrings actually attach for you Anatomy nerds it's called the ischial tuberosity a lot of people just call it the sit bone but again let's say we're stretching the hamstring we hinge forward when we get to that point where the hamstrings are like Ah that's far enough and we're all likely not to be terribly happy with that limited amount of flexibility and range of motion because a lot of us might think we need the hamstring flexibility to be able to say successfully kick somebody in the head if necessary not promoting violence you just never know when you might need to engage ninja mode in self-defense but for whatever reason each side or choose to engage in a stretching routine for a couple of weeks or maybe a couple months and we improve that hamstring flexibility now instead of maybe this being the end point in that range of motion now because of that increased hamstring flexibility maybe I can go this far and you can see how that could translate to touching your toes easier but also just the overall increased range of motion of a joint now this principle of improving the flexibility of the muscle and that translating to more range of motion of the joint can be applied to the various muscle groups in their Associated joints throughout the body for example if we improve the flexibility of the calf muscles that could translate to improved range of motion at the associated ankle joint but what is again accounting for these stopping points that feeling of I don't want to go any further as well says the potential changes in improvements and flexibility yes things like the muscles tendons and other connective tissues play a role but as we've strongly implied this amazing structure also plays a big role but how but real quick before I get into the brain and nervous system I want to take a second to say thank you to the sponsor of today's video yoga body Teachers College since we've opened the lab we've had a ton of different yoga teachers come through and learn about the human body and you can probably imagine that we talked a great deal about the science of stretching as well as other relevant anatomical and physiological processes and this is why I'm so impressed with yoga body because they specialize in science-based online certification programs for yoga teachers yoga breathing coaches yogurture peas teachers and stretching coaches so if you're interested in starting a new fulfilling career or side job helping people improve their health overcome injuries manage stress and live their best lives longer yoga body's courses might be right for you and think about how impressive this is since 2007 yogabody has certified over 23 000 teachers in 41 countries they're clearly on to something here they are also backed by yoga Alliance American Council on exercise and even American Council on education making them one of the only schools in the world eligible for college credits yoga body has also put together a free report for you called how to choose a yoga teacher training program and you can access this immediately by going to yogabody. com Iha we'll also include that link in the description below so in order for us to understand how the brain and spinal cord get involved with stretching and flexibility we first need to see how they communicate with the actual muscles and if we were to zoom into the muscle tissue specifically the meat of the muscle which is known as the muscle belly embedded within the muscle belly we would see these specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles these little muscle spindles are encapsulated structures that contain these specialized muscle fibers called intrafusal fibers intrafusal just refers to inside the spindle so it's a pretty good name now these intrafusal fibers inside the capsule are also going to be wrapped with these sensory nerve endings which will then provide information to the brain about the muscle but what type of information is this providing muscle spindles detect and provide information about muscle length so let's use the biceps in this example but again keep in mind this could be applied to nearly any muscle in the human body and again those muscle spindles will be embedded in the belly of the muscle and they're going to detect the length of the muscle and even changes in the length of that muscle and it might actually be easier to use my biceps first here so for example my biceps is at a certain length right now the muscle spindle sending information into my brain about this length this is a different length new information different length new information different length new information it not only tells my brain the difference between say like this length of the muscle versus that length of the muscle it also tells me this versus this how fast those length changes occur so what does the brain do with this information do we become consciously aware of it and of course how does this relate to stretching and flexibility well first let's get the signal up to the brain and with any muscle it's going to have to travel up a nerve so in this particular example we have the biceps and there's a nerve here called the musculocutaneous nerve but it would be a different nerve for different muscle groups and those signals from the muscle spindle cells would travel up this nerve and eventually get to the spinal cord then move up the spinal cord and get to the brain once this information is in the brain it's going to relay to two areas that are important for our discussion one is my personal favorite structure of the brain and that is this which you can see here the cerebellum now besides looking quite amazing it also participates in some amazing functions nerve but it would be a different nerve for different muscle groups and those signals from the muscle spindle cells would travel up this nerve and eventually get to the spinal cord then move up the spinal cord and get to the brain once this information is in the brain it's going to relay to two areas that are important for our discussion one is my personal favorite structure of the brain and that is th the somatosensory cortex receives all sorts of different somatic senses from the body things like temperature touch pressure pain and of course information from the muscle spindles about those muscle length changes and what this does for you is creates a conscious awareness about body position and even sensation about when you're tugging or pulling on a muscle when you're stretching now this conscious awareness about body position this understanding of where your limbs are in three-dimensional space and even your eyes the input from your eyes was the only thing that brought you information about where your body parts were in three-dimensional space like yes you can look at your arms see where it is look at your torso and other body parts and your eyes bring that information in but imagine the problems that would arise if that was the only information that you've got about your body position because if we all held out our hand in front of us like this when was the last time you closed your eyes and this happened be grateful that you have proprioceptive input to be aware of where your body parts are going and also be grateful that the somatosensory cortex can also make sense in process Sensations like tactile stimulation so you can also be aware of someone else's body parts and the second example as to why proprioceptive input is so important and I promise this is finally going to get us to how this all relates to stretching and flexibility but the second example has to do with all of this information that's coming into the brain from the because the brain can take this information and modulate it it can make some really cool and important adjustments that I just mentioned that'll have to do with stretching and flexibility in just a second but our brain does this all the time our brain and nervous system modulates all sorts of different sensory information and so if I said to you you're probably wearing underwear and or pants if you're not wearing any of those how you consume your online content is your business but I'm assuming most of you are probably your brain's like okay we're good underwear and pants are safe it'll modulate or kind of de-prioritize or lower the priority of that sensation to the point where you're kind of not really worrying about it in your conscious thought this also can be applied to the proprioceptive input coming from the muscle spindles when you first change a position your muscle spindles will fire up a little bit and you're aware of the change in position but once you kind of settle into that position as long as it's safe and not from being stretched too far now I often give my students this textbook definition of the stretch reflex and it's this when a muscle is stretched too far or too fast it's going to contract and the antagonistic muscle will relax and the classic example of the stretch reflex that many of us have probably experienced occurred likely in the doctor's office when your leg was dangling off the table and the doctor comes up with that little hammer and quickly Taps your patellar tendon some people call it the patellar ligament I through a motor neuron to engage the muscle to contract because the opposite of a stretch is a muscle contraction and that will protect the muscle from being stretched too quickly at the same time another motor signal is going to go out of the spinal cord to the opposing or antagonistic muscle and in this case this is the hamstring because you wouldn't want the hamstring to contract because that would create this tug of war situation and the stretch reflex wouldn't work properly now some sort of a signal will make it to the brain is as we hinge forward and stretch the hamstring we eventually get to that point where the hamstrings are like that it's far enough we don't want to stretch anymore and we need to acknowledge like we did at the beginning that the nature or the elasticity of the muscles tendons and surrounding connective tissues do matter and apply to this but as we've seen from this video the nervous system also matters and so when we hinge forward the idea is that as that hamstring is lengthening and lengthening the muscle spindles are sending that feel a quicker resistance or almost like this pullback that's a little more forceful than you would if you were to go more passively and slowly into that stretch but let's go to this idea again of doing stretching consistently for weeks or months the idea is that the nervous system will adjust and instead of instead of having the stop stop Point here that stopping point will be later in the range of motion almost as if the brain through that consistent stretching routine is like okay you've been let's wrap this up with a few housekeeping items one and like many things with the human body we still need more information about how exactly the brain and nervous system can account for improvements in flexibility and even comparing that like we alluded to earlier the changes or potential changes in the soft tissues like the muscles tendons and ligaments how are these interacting together and how much does one versus the other account for improvements in flexibility it's definitely going to be interesting as we supportive for achieving that goal and a routine that tends to work the best would be stretching the muscle groups that you're looking to improve the flexibility in about five to six days a week for 30 to 60 seconds for like two sets you can think of like two sets of 30 seconds so if you're going to stretch your hamstrings you could stretch into that get to the point where you feel the stretch hold for at least 30 seconds and then come back up and rest for a second you could even stretch an antagonistic excited about is I'm about to head to Florida to do a YouTube collaboration with another Creator and one of the things we're going to talk about is yes it's definitely important to have flexibility good range of mot"